By Vinish Kapoor
Oracle Database 26ai Tutorials
Every Oracle AI Database 26ai and 23ai tutorial on vinish.dev: vectors, semantic search, LLMs and RAG in PL/SQL, plus SQL and PL/SQL essentials.
- 103 tutorials
- 12 topics
- 4 learning paths
- Updated October 2026
Browse by topic
Learning paths
Ordered series you can follow from the first lesson to the last. Your progress is saved in this browser.
Intermediate · 34 lessons
Build AI Applications in the Database
From AI concepts and embeddings to vector indexes, hybrid search, RAG, safe NL2SQL, and production deployment.
·
- AI Concepts Explained for Oracle Developers
- How to Call Gemini from Oracle Database with a Stored Credential
- How to Use the VECTOR Data Type in Oracle AI Database 26ai
- How to Measure Vector Distance with VECTOR_DISTANCE in Oracle
- How to Load an ONNX Embedding Model into Oracle Database
- How to Generate Embeddings in SQL with VECTOR_EMBEDDING
- How to Generate Embeddings with Gemini from PL/SQL
- How to Choose an Embedding Model: In-Database vs Gemini
- How to Create an IVF Vector Index in Oracle
- How to Create an HNSW Vector Index in Oracle
- How to Build Semantic Search in Oracle Database
- How to Search by Keyword with Oracle Text
- How to Build Hybrid Search in Oracle Database
- How to Chunk Documents for Vector Search in Oracle
- How to Search PDF Documents by Meaning in Oracle
- How to Call an LLM from PL/SQL with UTL_TO_GENERATE_TEXT
- How to Make LLM Calls Reliable in PL/SQL
- How to Classify Data with an LLM in Oracle SQL
- How to Extract Structured Data from Text with an LLM in Oracle
- How to Build RAG with PL/SQL in Oracle Database
- How to Test AI Answers with an LLM Grader in Oracle
- How to Generate SQL from Natural Language with an LLM in Oracle
- How to Run LLM-Generated SQL Safely in Oracle
- How to Use Machine Learning on Embeddings in Oracle Database
- How to Join Tables by Meaning with Vector Search in Oracle
- How to Store Vectors in JSON Documents in Oracle
- How to Rank Graph Paths by Meaning with SQL Property Graphs
- How to Run a Local LLM with Ollama from Oracle Database
- How to Redact Personal Data Before Calling an LLM in Oracle
- How to Defend Oracle AI Applications Against Prompt Injection
- How to Control What an AI Assistant Can See with Row-Level Security
- How to Reduce the Cost of LLM Calls in Oracle
- How to Run AI Jobs in the Background with DBMS_SCHEDULER
- How to Deploy Oracle AI Applications to Production
Tip: Ctrl-click a lesson to open it in a new tab. It still counts toward your progress.
Beginner · 15 lessons
SQL Essentials
Create a table, then query, change, and join data, step by step.
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- How to Create a Table in Oracle 23ai
- Understanding Data Types in Oracle Database 23ai
- How to Insert Data into a Table in Oracle 23ai
- How to Use SELECT Queries in Oracle Database 23ai
- How to Use WHERE Clause in Oracle Database 23ai Queries
- How to Use ORDER BY in Oracle Database 23ai Queries
- How to Use GROUP BY in Oracle Database 23ai
- Using UPDATE Statement in Oracle Database 23ai
- Using DELETE Statement in Oracle Database 23ai
- Using MERGE Statement in Oracle Database 23ai
- Oracle SQL INNER JOIN: Complete Guide to Matching Records Between Tables
- Oracle SQL Query to Use LEFT OUTER JOIN to Include All Records from Left Table
- Oracle SQL Query to Use Full Outer Join for Data Reconciliation
- Oracle SQL Query to Use EXPLAIN PLAN for Join Analysis
- Synonym in Oracle Database
Tip: Ctrl-click a lesson to open it in a new tab. It still counts toward your progress.
Beginner · 15 lessons
PL/SQL Essentials
Your first block to procedures, packages, triggers, and debugging.
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- Hello World Program in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
- Understanding Variables and Constants in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
- How to Use IF Statements in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
- How to Use CASE Statement in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
- How to Loop in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
- How to Use Cursors in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
- How to Use Explicit Cursors in PL/SQL (Oracle Database 23ai)
- How to Handle Exceptions in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
- How to Create Procedures in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
- How to Create Functions in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
- How to Create Packages in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
- How to Use Triggers in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
- Using DBMS_OUTPUT to Debug PL/SQL Code
- Error Handling with Dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace
- Using PL/SQL UTL_FILE to Read and Write Files
Tip: Ctrl-click a lesson to open it in a new tab. It still counts toward your progress.
Practical · 12 lessons
SQL Query Recipes
Analytics patterns you can reuse: running totals, cohorts, churn, gaps and islands.
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- Oracle SQL Query to Calculate Business Days Excluding Holidays
- Oracle SQL Query to Find Overlapping Date Ranges
- Oracle SQL Query to Implement Cohort Analysis for Customer Retention
- Oracle SQL Query to Identify and Handle Duplicate Records
- Oracle SQL Query to Parse and Extract JSON Data with JSON_TABLE
- Oracle SQL Query to Calculate Churn Rate and Retention Metrics
- Oracle SQL Query to Perform ABC Analysis for Inventory Management
- Oracle SQL Query to Calculate Running Totals
- Oracle SQL Query to Find Gaps and Islands in Sequential Data
- Oracle SQL Query to Use LISTAGG for String Aggregation
- How to Convert Oracle Database Tables to JSON Format
- Oracle SQL Query to Implement Lead/Lag Analysis for Time Series Data
Tip: Ctrl-click a lesson to open it in a new tab. It still counts toward your progress.
Latest tutorials
- Performance & Diagnostics
How to Find Performance Problems with Active Session History (ASH)
- Performance & Diagnostics
How to Find Blocking Sessions in Oracle
- Performance & Diagnostics
How to Find What an Oracle Session Is Waiting For
- Performance & Diagnostics
How to Create a SQL Monitor Report in Oracle
- Fixing Connection & Login Errors
How to Fix ORA-01652: Unable to Extend Temp Segment in Oracle
- Fixing Connection & Login Errors
How to Fix ORA-01045: User Lacks CREATE SESSION Privilege; Logon Denied in Oracle
- Fixing Connection & Login Errors
How to Fix ORA-01950: No Privileges on Tablespace in Oracle
- Fixing Connection & Login Errors
How to Fix ORA-65096: Common User or Role Name Must Start with Prefix C## in Oracle
Books & free tools
Go deeper with the books, or try the free tools.
- Book
Oracle Database 26ai SQL and PL/SQL
700 pages, 66 chapters, 677 examples with their real output, from first query to production PL/SQL.
- Book
AI Applications with Oracle Database 26ai and APEX 26.1
409 pages, 29 chapters, 237 examples: vectors, semantic search, RAG, and LLM calls from SQL and PL/SQL.
- Book
Oracle APEX 26.1: The Complete Guide
828 pages, 48 chapters: the natural next step for Forms developers moving to the web with APEX.
- Roadmap
Oracle Database Learning Roadmap
A structured path from SQL basics to advanced PL/SQL and database features. Tick off topics as you go.
- Free tool
Oracle PL/SQL API Package Generator
Generate a complete PL/SQL table API package (insert, update, delete, get) from your table definition.
- Hub
Oracle APEX Tutorials
250+ Oracle APEX tutorials organized by topic, with learning paths for APEX 26.1.
All tutorials by topic
Getting Started & Setup 9
What's new in 26ai and 23ai, installing the database and SQL Developer, and core concepts.
Oracle Database 26ai New Features
Oracle Database 26ai New Features mark a major turning point in database technology, redefining the platform as more than a traditional data store and establishing it as…
How to Install Oracle AI Database 26ai Free on Windows
Check the prerequisites, run the Windows installer interactively or silently, and connect to the FREE container database and FREEPDB1.
How to Install Oracle AI Database 26ai Free on Oracle Linux
Install the database from Oracle's RPM packages, create the FREE container database, connect through the listener, and start it at boot.
Install Oracle Database on macOS Apple Silicon (ARM64) Using Docker
Installing Oracle Database on macOS has always been a challenge, and the situation became more complex after Apple transitioned to Apple Silicon (ARM64) processors such…
What is Oracle Database 23ai?
Oracle Database 23ai is the latest long-term release of Oracle’s database platform, officially launched in 2024. It is the successor to Oracle Database 19c, which was…
How to Install Oracle Database 23ai on Windows Step by Step
Oracle Database 23ai is the latest release that brings advanced features for developers and database administrators. This tutorial walks you through downloading…
Installing Oracle SQL Developer 24 on Windows
Installing Oracle SQL Developer 24 on Windows is very simple; you just need to follow a few steps, and it’s done. To interact with Oracle Database in a user-friendly…
Understanding the High Water Mark in Oracle Database
You might have noticed your database queries slowing down over time, even though you regularly delete old records. You run a massive cleanup operation, but your full…
DBMS_CLOUD Package in Oracle: How to Get, Put, and Delete Files
If you work with Oracle Cloud Infrastructure and need to move files between your database and object storage, the DBMS_CLOUD package is the tool you will reach for most…
Fixing Connection & Login Errors 10
ORA- errors when connecting and logging in: TNS and listener problems, locked or expired accounts, privileges, and space.
How to Fix ORA-01017: Invalid Username/Password; Logon Denied in Oracle
Find why a logon is denied, from case-sensitive passwords to the wrong pluggable database, and reset the password as an administrator.
How to Fix ORA-01045: User Lacks CREATE SESSION Privilege; Logon Denied in Oracle
Grant CREATE SESSION, or a role that includes it, so a new user can connect, with the error and fix run on a real database.
How to Fix ORA-01652: Unable to Extend Temp Segment in Oracle
Reproduce a full temporary tablespace, let its file grow to a limit, and find the statements that use the most temp space.
How to Fix ORA-01950: No Privileges on Tablespace in Oracle
See why CREATE TABLE works but INSERT fails without a quota, and grant the user a sized quota on the tablespace.
How to Fix ORA-12154: TNS Could Not Resolve the Connect Identifier in Oracle
Connect with an Easy Connect string, or add the alias to the tnsnames.ora the client really reads, with tested examples.
How to Fix ORA-12514: Listener Does Not Currently Know of Service Requested in Oracle
List the services the listener knows, connect to the pluggable database's service, and get a database registered again.
How to Fix ORA-12541: TNS No Listener in Oracle
Find where the listener really listens with lsnrctl status, start it when it is down, and check ports, Docker, and firewalls.
How to Fix ORA-28000: The Account Is Locked in Oracle
Reproduce an account lock from failed logins, read LOCKED and LOCKED(TIMED) in DBA_USERS, and unlock the account.
How to Fix ORA-28001: The Password Has Expired in Oracle
Change an expired password at logon or as an administrator, and check the profile limits that make passwords expire.
How to Fix ORA-65096: Common User or Role Name Must Start with Prefix C## in Oracle
Check which container the session is in, create application users in the pluggable database, and use C## only for common users.
Performance & Diagnostics 4
Find out what is slow or stuck: wait events, blocking sessions, Active Session History, and SQL Monitor reports.
How to Find What an Oracle Session Is Waiting For
Read a session's state, wait event, and blocking session in V$SESSION, find its statement, and total its waits with V$SESSION_EVENT.
How to Find Blocking Sessions in Oracle
Build a three-session blocking chain, find its root blocker, the locks, and the exact row being waited for, and resolve the block.
How to Find Performance Problems with Active Session History (ASH)
Analyze a finished workload with V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY: time on CPU and waits, the top SQL, and who blocked whom, after the fact.
How to Create a SQL Monitor Report in Oracle
Monitor a long-running query, find it in V$SQL_MONITOR, and read its SQL Monitor report as text and as an HTML page.
AI Concepts & LLM Setup 5
AI concepts for Oracle developers, and connecting the database to Gemini or a local LLM.
How to Run a Local LLM with Ollama from Oracle Database
Keep every prompt on your own hardware by serving a model with Ollama and calling it from Oracle AI Database 26ai, then measure what you trade.
How to Choose an Embedding Model: In-Database vs Gemini
Test embedding models on your own questions in Oracle AI Database 26ai and learn when a small in-database model is enough and when Gemini pays off.
AI Concepts Explained for Oracle Developers
The few ideas behind every AI feature, from language models and tokens to embeddings, vectors, RAG, and agents, explained in database terms.
How to Call Gemini from Oracle Database with a Stored Credential
Store a Gemini API key safely as an Oracle credential, open the network to Google, and send your first prompt from SQL in Oracle AI Database 26ai.
The Role of AI in Oracle Database Development
The role of artificial intelligence in database technology has shifted from a peripheral feature to a core component. This transformation is redefining the…
Vectors & Embeddings 9
The VECTOR data type, distance, embedding models, and vector indexes.
How to Store Vectors in JSON Documents in Oracle
Keep embeddings inside JSON documents in Oracle AI Database 26ai and search them by meaning, in collections or through duality views.
How to Use Machine Learning on Embeddings in Oracle Database
Combine Oracle Machine Learning with embeddings to classify instantly for free, hand uncertain cases to a language model, and find topics.
How to Create an HNSW Vector Index in Oracle
Get millisecond vector search with an in-memory HNSW index in Oracle AI Database 26ai, sized, measured, and tuned on 50,000 rows.
How to Create an IVF Vector Index in Oracle
Speed up similarity search on large tables with an IVF vector index in Oracle AI Database 26ai, and measure what it gains and gives up.
How to Generate Embeddings with Gemini from PL/SQL
Get Gemini embeddings from SQL and PL/SQL, embed whole tables in batches, call the REST API for extra options, and survive a busy provider.
How to Generate Embeddings in SQL with VECTOR_EMBEDDING
Embed text inside Oracle AI Database 26ai with VECTOR_EMBEDDING, keep embeddings current with a trigger, and search tickets by meaning.
How to Load an ONNX Embedding Model into Oracle Database
Run embeddings inside Oracle AI Database 26ai by loading a prebuilt ONNX model from a file or a BLOB, checking it, and managing it safely.
How to Measure Vector Distance with VECTOR_DISTANCE in Oracle
Compare vectors with VECTOR_DISTANCE in Oracle AI Database 26ai, choose the right metric, and find the nearest rows with ORDER BY and FETCH FIRST.
How to Use the VECTOR Data Type in Oracle AI Database 26ai
Store embeddings in Oracle AI Database 26ai with the right VECTOR declaration, format, and storage, and convert and inspect them in SQL and PL/SQL.
Semantic & Hybrid Search 7
Search by meaning, keyword and hybrid search, chunking, PDFs, and graphs.
How to Rank Graph Paths by Meaning with SQL Property Graphs
Combine SQL property graphs with vector search in Oracle AI Database 26ai to find who had a similar problem and which customers it affects.
How to Join Tables by Meaning with Vector Search in Oracle
Join, group, and count rows by meaning with VECTOR_DISTANCE in Oracle AI Database 26ai to find knowledge gaps and the right agents.
How to Search PDF Documents by Meaning in Oracle
Find the passage that answers a question in PDF and Word documents with Oracle AI Database 26ai, and test which chunk size works best.
How to Chunk Documents for Vector Search in Oracle
Turn PDF, Word, and HTML files into searchable chunks in Oracle AI Database 26ai with UTL_TO_TEXT, UTL_TO_CHUNKS, and VECTOR_CHUNKS.
How to Build Hybrid Search in Oracle Database
Get the best of semantic and keyword search in Oracle AI Database 26ai with reciprocal rank fusion in SQL or a hybrid vector index.
How to Search by Keyword with Oracle Text
Find exact codes, versions, and product names that semantic search misses, with an Oracle Text index, CONTAINS, and SCORE in Oracle Database.
How to Build Semantic Search in Oracle Database
Find answers by meaning in Oracle AI Database 26ai, learn how near is near enough, flag unanswerable questions, and keep filters accurate.
LLMs & RAG in PL/SQL 8
Call LLMs from SQL and PL/SQL, classify and extract data, RAG, and natural-language SQL.
How to Run LLM-Generated SQL Safely in Oracle
Stop a language model's SQL from changing or revealing data with plan checks and a read-only schema, and measure how often it is right.
How to Generate SQL from Natural Language with an LLM in Oracle
Let users ask questions in plain language by describing your schema to a language model and generating one SELECT statement in Oracle 26ai.
How to Test AI Answers with an LLM Grader in Oracle
Check that RAG answers contain the right facts, cite real sources, and claim nothing unsupported, using SQL and a second language model.
How to Build RAG with PL/SQL in Oracle Database
Answer questions from your own data with Gemini and Oracle AI Database 26ai, citing sources and saying so when the answer is not there.
How to Extract Structured Data from Text with an LLM in Oracle
Get the details hidden in free text out with a language model in Oracle AI Database 26ai, in the right form and without invented answers.
How to Classify Data with an LLM in Oracle SQL
Sort 400 tickets into categories, priorities, and sentiment with Gemini from Oracle SQL, in batches, and measure how far to trust the labels.
How to Make LLM Calls Reliable in PL/SQL
Log every language model call, retry when the provider is busy, see the tokens you pay for, and avoid calling a model for every row of a query.
How to Call an LLM from PL/SQL with UTL_TO_GENERATE_TEXT
Send prompts to a language model from SQL and PL/SQL in Oracle AI Database 26ai and control the role, randomness, length, and format of answers.
AI Security & Production 6
Redaction, prompt injection, row-level security, cost, background jobs, and deployment.
How to Deploy Oracle AI Applications to Production
Add a kill switch, a daily budget, and monitoring to Oracle AI Database 26ai features, and deploy everything an AI application needs to each environment.
How to Run AI Jobs in the Background with DBMS_SCHEDULER
Keep users from waiting on an AI provider by embedding and classifying new data in a DBMS_SCHEDULER job that logs its work and retries failures.
How to Reduce the Cost of LLM Calls in Oracle
Measure what language model calls cost and how fast they are from inside Oracle 26ai, then cut cost with smaller models, lean prompts, and caching.
How to Control What an AI Assistant Can See with Row-Level Security
Make internal documents invisible to customers and available to agents in a RAG assistant, with row-level security on retrieval in Oracle 26ai.
How to Defend Oracle AI Applications Against Prompt Injection
See how a planted document reaches a RAG assistant in Oracle AI Database 26ai, block it with a review gate, and build defenses in layers.
How to Redact Personal Data Before Calling an LLM in Oracle
Keep personal data out of prompts in Oracle AI Database 26ai with a redaction function, a call log, encrypted credentials, and tight network ACLs.
SQL Essentials 15
Create tables, query and change data, data types, joins, and execution plans.
How to Create a Table in Oracle 23ai
Creating tables is the foundation of database development in Oracle. A table defines how your data will be structured, stored, and managed. In Oracle Database 23ai, the…
Understanding Data Types in Oracle Database 23ai
Every value stored in an Oracle Database must follow a data type. A data type defines what kind of data can be stored, how much space it takes, and what operations you…
How to Insert Data into a Table in Oracle 23ai
When you start working with Oracle Database 23ai, one of the first things you need to learn is how to add data into your tables. Inserting data is a basic yet powerful…
How to Use SELECT Queries in Oracle Database 23ai
Working with a database is all about getting useful information out of it. Oracle Database 23ai gives you a powerful way to do this with the SELECT statement. This…
How to Use WHERE Clause in Oracle Database 23ai Queries
The WHERE clause tells Oracle which rows to keep and which to skip. This tutorial shows practical ways to filter data using comparisons, ranges, pattern matching, NULL…
How to Use ORDER BY in Oracle Database 23ai Queries
The ORDER BY clause in Oracle Database 23ai lets you sort the rows returned by a query. Without it, the database can return results in any order. ORDER BY helps you…
How to Use GROUP BY in Oracle Database 23ai
The GROUP BY clause in Oracle Database 23ai is used when you want to organize rows into groups and then apply aggregate functions such as COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, or MAX.…
Using UPDATE Statement in Oracle Database 23ai
The UPDATE statement in Oracle Database 23ai is used to change existing data in a table. Instead of inserting new rows, UPDATE helps you adjust or fix information that…
Using DELETE Statement in Oracle Database 23ai
The DELETE statement in Oracle Database 23ai is used to remove existing rows from a table. Unlike DROP TABLE, which removes the entire table, DELETE only takes away…
Using MERGE Statement in Oracle Database 23ai
The MERGE statement in Oracle Database is a powerful command that combines the functionality of both INSERT and UPDATE. Instead of writing separate SQL commands, MERGE…
Oracle SQL INNER JOIN: Complete Guide to Matching Records Between Tables
Have you ever wondered how to efficiently retrieve data that exists in multiple related tables within your Oracle database? The INNER JOIN operation stands as one of the…
Oracle SQL Query to Use LEFT OUTER JOIN to Include All Records from Left Table
Are you finding it challenging to retrieve all records from your primary table while still including related data from secondary tables, even when no matches exist? The…
Oracle SQL Query to Use Full Outer Join for Data Reconciliation
Are you struggling to identify discrepancies and missing records when comparing data between different systems or databases? The FULL OUTER JOIN operation in Oracle SQL…
Oracle SQL Query to Use EXPLAIN PLAN for Join Analysis
The EXPLAIN PLAN statement in Oracle SQL provides detailed insights into how the database optimizer executes join operations, revealing the specific algorithms, access…
Synonym in Oracle Database
If you work with multiple schemas or long object names, synonyms in Oracle Database can make your SQL cleaner and your apps easier to maintain. A synonym is a friendly…
SQL Query Recipes 12
Real analytics queries: running totals, gaps and islands, cohorts, churn, and JSON.
Oracle SQL Query to Implement Lead/Lag Analysis for Time Series Data
The LEAD and LAG analytical functions in Oracle SQL provide powerful capabilities for accessing data from subsequent or preceding rows within the same result set without…
How to Convert Oracle Database Tables to JSON Format
How do you convert traditional relational data into JSON format using Oracle SQL? JSON has become the de facto standard for data exchange in modern applications, and…
Oracle SQL Query to Use LISTAGG for String Aggregation
Have you ever needed to combine multiple row values into a single concatenated string in Oracle SQL? String aggregation is a common requirement in database reporting…
Oracle SQL Query to Find Gaps and Islands in Sequential Data
What exactly are gaps and islands when working with sequential data in Oracle databases? Gaps and islands represent a fundamental pattern recognition problem in SQL…
Oracle SQL Query to Calculate Running Totals
Running totals, also known as cumulative sums, are essential for financial reporting, inventory tracking, and data analysis tasks where you need to see accumulated…
Oracle SQL Query to Perform ABC Analysis for Inventory Management
Inventory management often feels like solving a complex puzzle where you need to identify which products deserve your maximum attention and resources. ABC analysis…
Oracle SQL Query to Calculate Churn Rate and Retention Metrics
Customer churn represents one of the most critical metrics for subscription-based businesses, SaaS companies, and any organization focused on customer retention.…
Oracle SQL Query to Parse and Extract JSON Data with JSON_TABLE
Have you ever found yourself staring at a column full of JSON data in your Oracle database, wondering how to extract specific values without writing complex string…
Oracle SQL Query to Identify and Handle Duplicate Records
Have you ever discovered that your database contains multiple identical records, causing data integrity issues and skewing your business reports? Duplicate records…
Oracle SQL Query to Implement Cohort Analysis for Customer Retention
How do you measure customer loyalty and retention patterns across different time periods using Oracle SQL? Cohort analysis represents one of the most powerful techniques…
Oracle SQL Query to Find Overlapping Date Ranges
Have you ever wondered how to identify when two or more date ranges overlap in your Oracle database? Whether you're managing employee schedules, booking systems, or…
Oracle SQL Query to Calculate Business Days Excluding Holidays
How do you accurately calculate the number of working days between two dates while accounting for weekends and company holidays in Oracle SQL? This fundamental business…
PL/SQL Essentials 16
Blocks, variables, control flow, cursors, exceptions, procedures, packages, and triggers.
Hello World Program in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
Every programming journey starts with a "Hello World" program. It is the traditional way to test the environment, confirm that code compiles, and understand the basic…
Understanding Variables and Constants in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
When you write PL/SQL programs in Oracle Database 23ai, you often need storage for values that change during program execution and values that should never change.…
How to Use IF Statements in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
Conditional logic is one of the most essential elements of programming. In Oracle Database 23ai, PL/SQL supports multiple forms of IF statements that help developers…
How to Use CASE Statement in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
The CASE statement in Oracle PL/SQL is a powerful alternative to IF statements when you want to evaluate multiple conditions more clearly and concisely. In Oracle…
How to Loop in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
Loops are one of the fundamental concepts in any programming language, allowing you to repeat a block of code multiple times until a condition is met. In Oracle Database…
How to Use Cursors in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
In Oracle Database 23ai, PL/SQL is not limited to single-row queries. Many times you need to process multiple rows one by one—for example, when iterating through…
How to Use Explicit Cursors in PL/SQL (Oracle Database 23ai)
Cursors in PL/SQL are used to handle query results that return more than one row. By default, Oracle manages cursors internally when you use simple SELECT INTO…
How to Handle Exceptions in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
In Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL, errors can occur during code execution due to invalid data, missing rows, constraint violations, or runtime issues. Exception handling…
How to Create Procedures in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
In Oracle Database 23ai, procedures are a core part of PL/SQL programming. They allow you to group multiple SQL and PL/SQL statements into a single reusable block of…
How to Create Functions in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
Functions in Oracle Database 23ai are stored PL/SQL programs that accept parameters, perform operations, and return a single value. Unlike procedures, which may or may…
How to Create Packages in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
Oracle Database 23ai offers powerful features for modern application development, and packages are at the center of it. A package in PL/SQL is a way to group related…
How to Use Triggers in Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL
Triggers in Oracle Database 23ai are powerful database objects that automatically execute when specific database events occur. They are closely tied to tables, views, or…
Using DBMS_OUTPUT to Debug PL/SQL Code
Debugging is one of the most important tasks for any developer working with PL/SQL code. Oracle provides a very simple yet powerful package called DBMS_OUTPUT that…
Error Handling with Dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace
Error handling is a crucial part of writing reliable PL/SQL code. While Oracle provides exception handling mechanisms using BEGIN…EXCEPTION…END, developers often face…
Using PL/SQL UTL_FILE to Read and Write Files
Working with files directly from the database can be an essential part of enterprise applications. Whether you need to generate reports, export data, or import…
PL/SQL Program to Find Factorial of a Number
Calculating a factorial is a common programming exercise that demonstrates how to use loops for repeated multiplication. In PL/SQL, you can easily write a program to…
Books 2
The Oracle Database 26ai books.
AI Applications with Oracle Database 26ai and APEX 26.1 (Book)
409 pages, 29 chapters, 237 examples: build AI applications with Oracle AI Database 26ai and APEX 26.1.
Oracle Database 26ai SQL and PL/SQL Book
700 pages, 66 chapters, 677 examples with their real output: SQL and PL/SQL on Oracle AI Database 26ai.
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